Week 9-10study guide

 

Weeks 9-10 Study Guide

Innate Immunity Study Guide

Terms you should know:

Innate immunity	Adaptive immunity	Chemical immune mechanisms	Physical immune mechanisms	Cellular immune mechanisms	Skin
Mucous membranes	Ciliated epithelium	Microbiome	Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)	defensins	lysozyme
sebum	oleic acid	lactoferrin	bacteriocins	histamine	cytokine
chemokine	interferon	interleukin	complement system	Alternative pathway	Lectin Pathway
Classical pathway	C3	Lectin	Mannose	C3a	C5a
C6, 7, 8, 9	Membrane attack complex (MAC)	opsonization	inflammation	autocrine	endocrine
paracrine	leukocytes	erthrocyte	granulocyte	phagocyte	monocyte
basophil	eosinophil	neutrophil	macrophage	dendritic cell	natural killer cell
mast cell	Pathogen recognition receptor (PRR)	Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)	phagocytosis	apoptosis	fever

 

Be able to describe/explain in your own words or draw out the process:

• Describe &  provide examples of the three lines of defense of our immune system.
• Draw a sample of the skin. Identify the dermis, epidermis and describe how skin acts in the first line of defense. 
• Where are mucous membranes located? Give some examples of secretions and their chemical components that protect the skin and mucosal surfaces. 
• Explain how the normal microbiota serves a protective role against microbial invasion.
• Explain how the innate immune cells can detect extracellular pathogens (that live outside of host cells) and intracellular pathogens (those that are inside host cells).
• What are the phagocytic cells that participate in the second line of defense? 
• What is chemotaxis and why is it important in an innate immune response? What molecules are used for chemotaxis? 
• How do phagocytes recognize pathogens? Describe the mechanism of phagocytosis. 
  • Describe some strategies that some microbes use to evade phagocytosis (think of virulence factors we've learned this quarter)
• Describe, in general terms, how the complement system tags microbial cells and products as foreign.  
  • How does fragmentation of C3 lead to the activation of complement?  
  • What are the three outcomes of complement activation? 
  • What are the three ways of activating complement?
• Explain the difference between intracellular PRRs and PRRs in the membrane of the cell. What purpose do each of them serve? 
• Describe how viruses and intracellular bacteria trigger the production of interferons. 
  • How do interferons help to defend the host against the spread of the infection. 
• What are the targets of natural killer cells? How do they kill their target cells?
• What are the four signs and symptoms of inflammation? What are the functions of inflammation? 
• Describe the steps of inflammation: Be sure to use the terms vasodilation, phagocyte migration, histamines, cytokines. 
  • What are the first types of phagocytes that migrate to the site of infection? Which come later?
• How does fever help fight pathogens? How can fever be detrimental to hosts?