Question 1
Which is the best term to describe the process that occurs when an immune cell releases cytokines to nearby cells to trigger a response?
I didn't introduce these terms this quarter (Sp25), but these are terms that come up sometimes in TEAS or related biology standardized tests.
During infection, leukocyte levels in the blood are typically increased. Specific leukocytes can be found at particularly high levels depending on the type of infection & healthcare providers can use this as a clue to determine the cause of infection through a differential complete blood count (CBC) test.
Your patient has just come back from a vacation in the tropics and is presenting with diarrhea, nausea, and signs of infection. If you suspected this person was infected with a helminth, which of these leukocytes would you be most interested in counting?
Two macrophages are sitting in the submucosa watching antigenic traffic go by. They are undercover immune cells, looking for suspicious cells that must be apprehended. These suspicious cells have certain characteristic features.
Suddenly one says to the other, 'Hey, see that cell with the non-human stuff on it. Let's attack it.' Which of the following substances is this suspicious cell most likely to have displayed?
After a bought of pneumonia begins to resolve, alveoli (in the lungs) are filled with macrophages that are actively phagocytizing debris from the inflammatory process.
These macrophages are derived from (come from) which of the following cells that circulate the bloodstream?
A group of patients presenting with sepsis have their blood analyzed. Several patients' culture results come back positive for E. coli and their blood results indicate higher than normal levels of interleukins (often secreted by macrophages). Which of the following substances from E. coli is likely responsible for triggering the activation of macrophages & release of interleukins?
(HINT: remember E. coli is gram - !!)
Match each listed component as a physical, chemical, or cellular aspect of non-specific defense (first 2 lines of defense we discussed).
Please email Dr. Y after your second attempt if you are still having a hard time, I will let you know which of your answers are incorrect. You can find the answers from our lecture as well.
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