The notes you shared are about oncogenic viruses, which are viruses that can cause cancer. Here’s a clearer and more detailed explanation of the key points:
What Are Oncogenic Viruses?
Oncogenic viruses (also called tumor viruses) are viruses that can cause normal cells to become cancerous. They do this by disrupting the normal regulation of cell growth.
How Do They Cause Cancer?
- Integration into Host Genome:
- Some viruses like retroviruses (e.g., HIV, HTLV) insert their genetic material into the host’s DNA.
- This can disrupt important genes, such as tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes, leading to uncontrolled cell growth.
- Causing Mutations:
- Viral DNA may insert into or near host genes and cause mutations.
- These mutations can promote the development of tumors.
- Chronic Infections:
- Long-term infections lead to persistent inflammation.
- Chronic inflammation increases the risk of DNA damage and cancer.
- Immune Evasion:
- Some viruses carry genes that help infected cells hide from the immune system.
- This benefits both the virus and the cancer cell, allowing both to grow unchecked.
Examples of Oncogenic Viruses:
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