The Evolution of Bacteria on a “Mega-Plate” Petri Dish (Kishony Lab)

Test Anxiety

week 3 quiz

 

Week 3 Practice Quiz 1: Pathogenicity & Virulence Results for Phyu Phyu Thant (She/Her)

 Correct answers are hidden.

Submitted Apr 23 at 2:45am

 

Question 1

1 / 1 pts

Arthropods typically serve as which mechanism of transmission for viruses?

  

fomite

 

  

biological vector

 

  

both as fomites and as vectors

 

 

Question 2

4 / 4 pts

Which of the following would be considered a symptom and which would be considered a sign? Label each using the drop down.

1. blood pressure reading of 150/90 mm Hg sign
2. body ache and chills symptom
3. fever of 39 °C sign
4. heart rate of 120 bpm sign
5. blurry vision symptom
6. body ache and chills symptom
7. burning sensation during urination symptom
8. gross hematuria (visible presence of blood in urine) sign

Answer 1:

sign

 

Answer 2:

symptom

 

Answer 3:

sign

 

Answer 4:

sign

 

Answer 5:

symptom

 

Answer 6:

symptom

 

Answer 7:

symptom

 

Answer 8:

sign

 

 

Question 3

1 / 1 pts

Identify which pathogen is the least virulent on the basis of ID50.

  

a pathogen with an ID50 of 50 cells

 

  

a pathogen with an ID50 of 1000 cells

 

  

a pathogen with an ID50 of 1 cell

 

  

pathogenicity cannot be determined from ID50 values

 

 

Question 4

1 / 1 pts

________ are extracellular structures in bacteria that are involved in conjugation and can be used as adhesins.

 

Question 5

1 / 1 pts

What is true of adhesion proteins (referred to as adhesins)?

  

are molecules, receptors, or surface structures necessary for attachment to a host cell.

 

  

help pathogens block immune cells and antibodies.

 

  

help destroy host cells so bacteria can consume host nutrients.

 

  

help bacteria by eliciting systemic inflammation in host.

 

 

Question 6

1 / 1 pts

Endotoxin is produced only by gram-negative bacteria.

 

  

True

 

  

False

 

 

IncorrectQuestion 7

0 / 1 pts

All contacts with a pathogen will result in infection.

  

True

 

  

False

 

 

Question 8

1 / 1 pts

The prodromal period is when the maximum number of pathogen particles or organisms are present in an infected host.

*Review lecture notes. We covered a graph that shows # of pathogens in host vs. each period.

  

True

 

  

False

 

Organelle table

 

Organelle/cell component	Function(s)	Your analogy?	Found in…?
Nucleus	Membrane-bound; Storage/protection of DNA; site of DNA replication & RNA transcription	“Control center” of the cell (like big boss/where instructions are given)	Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi
Ribosome	Protein synthesis machinery	“Factory” or “worker” that makes proteins	All cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Endoplasmic reticulum	Membrane-bound; SER: lipid production/storage; calcium storage. RER: protein synthesis location	“Factory hallway” that moves and helps build proteins/lipids	Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi
Mitochondria	Membrane-bound; ATP production	“Powerhouse” of the cell	Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi
Golgi apparatus	Membrane-bound; Protein sorting/packaging and modification	“Post office” or “packaging center”	Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi
Vacuole	Membrane-bound; Storage; transportation; maintain cell homeostasis	“Storage closet” or “warehouse”	Eukaryotes: plants (large central vacuole), animals (small vacuoles), fungi
Flagella	Movement for some single-celled organisms	“Tail” or “motor” that helps cell swim	Some prokaryotes and some eukaryotes (e.g., sperm cells)
Chloroplast	Membrane-bound; Site of photosynthesis	“Solar panels” of the cell	Eukaryotes: plants and some protists

Organelle/cell component	Function(s)	Your analogy?	Found in…?
Nucleus	Membrane-bound; Storage/protection of DNA; site of DNA replication & RNA transcription	“Control center” of the cell (like big boss/where instructions are given)	Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi
Ribosome	Protein synthesis machinery	“Factory” or “worker” that makes proteins	All cells: prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Endoplasmic reticulum	Membrane-bound; SER: lipid production/storage; calcium storage. RER: protein synthesis location	“Factory hallway” that moves and helps build proteins/lipids	Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi
Mitochondria	Membrane-bound; ATP production	“Powerhouse” of the cell	Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi
Golgi apparatus	Membrane-bound; Protein sorting/packaging and modification	“Post office” or “packaging center”	Eukaryotes: plants, animals, fungi
Vacuole	Membrane-bound; Storage; transportation; maintain cell homeostasis	“Storage closet” or “warehouse”	Eukaryotes: plants (large central vacuole), animals (small vacuoles), fungi
Flagella	Movement for some single-celled organisms	“Tail” or “motor” that helps cell swim	Some prokaryotes and some eukaryotes (e.g., sperm cells)
Chloroplast	Membrane-bound; Site of photosynthesis	“Solar panels” of the cell	Eukaryotes: plants and some protists

04-week 4 lab

 

 Thanks for sending the next question!

The question is:

“Thiomicrosia uses ___ for its energy source.”

Answer:

✅ chemical compounds

Simple explanation:

• Thiomicrosia is a chemoautotroph (or chemolithotroph).
• It gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds, like sulfur compounds — not from light.

Summary:

• Chemo- = chemical energy
• Photo- = light energy

Final Answer:

✅ chemical compounds

Would you also like a quick chart showing “chemo-” vs “photo-” and “auto-” vs “hetero-” to make it even easier for future questions? (Takes just 10 seconds to learn!)

 Infectious diseases are classified and categorized using several traits:

1. cause of agent
2. mode of transmission 
3. Duration of disease 
4. Location in the Body
5. severity of disease 
6. spread in population 

• Differentiate between acute, chronic, and latent infections. 

1. If it stays a long time and keeps affecting health, it's usually chronic. example HIV , TB , hepatitis infection B,C , Herpes simplex virus 

2. If it happens suddenly and ends quickly, it’s usually acute. influenza or cold 

• acute infection sudden onset, duration short time , symptom appear fast and strong.  The infection usually clear up with our without  treatment example flu or cold 
• chronic infection 
• develop slowly and long term take months or years. mild symptom and sometimes severe infection  example 
• latent infection the bacteria hid in the body without activation , it can be reactivate later when our immune system down or when taking immunocompromise treatment for example TB, herpes infection.   

 

Summary:

Catabolism =

• Breaking food → energy + building blocks.

Anabolism =

• Using energy + building blocks → build cell structures (proteins, membranes, glycogen).

Super Simple Flow:

1. Eat food → digest into small parts (catabolism).
2. Use small parts + energy → build cell structures (anabolism).

Would you like me to also show this in a simple cartoon diagram? It can help you easily remember it!

(It would show “Eat → Break → Build → Cell” in 1 picture.)

Let me know!